Today in the United States we
celebrate Labor Day, a holiday originally created in the 1880s to commemorate
the efforts of trade and labor organizations. Today, however, the day is largely
seen as a final day of vacation that marks the end of the summer. People often
celebrate with cookouts or road trips, all of which are great.But this year Labor Day has provoked me to think about a Biblical view of labor/work. Here in the United States many people regard work as something to be avoided or endured until the next opportunity for recreation. This attitude has resulted in an unbiblical view of retirement as a time to indulge oneself with a life of comfort and leisure. Sadly, such flawed views of work have infiltrated the church, where many have the same view of work that our culture does.The purpose of work is not to ACCUMULATE for ourselves, but rather that we "have something to share with one who has need" (Eph 4:28b)28 Anyone who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing something useful with their own hands, that they may have something to share with those in need..
So
what then does a biblical understanding of work entail?
1. God created Adam and Eve to work in the Garden (Gen
2:15). Some Christians (whether consciously or unconsciously) have the
impression that work is a result of the Fall rather than a part of the created
order. But Gen 2:15 makes it clear that God placed Adam in the Garden to
"cultivate and keep it" and then created Eve as his helper in the task (Gen
2:18). This work was part of Adam and Eve's mandate to "be fruitful and multiply
and fill the earth and subdue it" (Gen 1:28). So work is part of who God has
made us to be; it is part of the original created order that God designated as
"very good."
2. Adam and Eve's rebellion
resulted in work becoming difficult (Gen 3:17-19). God curses the ground
as a result of Adam and Eve's rebellion. Suddenly work became difficult as the
curse altered the created order. At the risk of repetition, it must be
reiterated that work is not the result of the Fall; it is the difficulty of work
in a fallen world that is emphasized.3. God instructs his people to rest from work regularly (Exod 20:8-11).8 “Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns. 11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. God establishes the pattern of our work by instructing his people to rest regularly from their work so that they may focus particularly on worshiping him. However one understands the Christian's responsibility to keep the Sabbath, we can all agree that God enjoins his people to rest regularly from their work.
4. All work is to be done for the glory of God and the advancement of his kingdom (Gen 1:27-30; Exod 19:5-6; 1 Cor 10:31; Col 3:23). Although I think this is implied at several points in the OT (particularly the kingdom of priests notion), this principle is most clearly seen in the NT. In Gen 1:27-30 27 So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them;
male and female he created them. 28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.”
29 Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures that move along the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food.” And it was so.
The idea that God creates man in
his image is at least in part explain by the task he assigns them. This implies
that reflecting God's image is central to a biblical view of work. Paul applies
this principle to tasks as mundane as eating and drinking in 1 Cor 10:31, while
in Col 3:23 he exhorts his readers to do all work as to the Lord. If the
ultimate goal of the kingdom is for the glory of the Lord to cover the earth as
the waters cover the sea (Hab 2:14).5. Christ through his active obedience perfectly accomplished the work the Father gave to him (John 17:4; 19:30). As the Son of God who obeyed where both Adam and Israel failed, Christ did everything his Father commanded. The climax of that work was his sacrificial crucifixion, triumphant resurrection, and glorious ascension that accomplished the redemption of his people and inaugurated his reign.
7. In the new heavens and new earth God's people will continue to work (Rev 22:3). In the final chapter of the Bible, John paints a stunning picture of the new heavens and the new earth. One of the lenses he uses is a new Eden. In that new Eden, God's people will serve him. This may come as a shock to some Christians who perceive the eternal state as nothing but recreation. Part of what makes the new heavens and the new earth so beautiful is not the absence of work, but the absence of the curse that makes work difficult. Can you imagine being able to serve the Lord without any hindrance from sin, fatigue, frailty, or anything else that limits our ability to serve God?
I don't claim that this is the last word on a biblical theology of work, but I trust that it may serve as a useful first word. May we all take seriously Paul's words to the Corinthians:
Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your toil is not in vain in the Lord. (1 Cor 15:58)
Happy Labor Day!
